5th Nitobe Symposium
Abstracts
KIMURA Goro Christoph
Abstract:
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Author:KIMURA Goro Christoph, Ph.D.
Sophia University
Jean-Claude Hollerich
Abstract:
The
Greek-Roman Grammar was adapted by the monks in Ireland and England in
Early Middle Ages and became a Christian Grammar. This Latin Grammar
got adapted to modern European Languages and thus became a European
Grammar. The missionaries adapted this grammar again to the new
languages they discovered in the 16th and 17th Centuries. They produced
a global meta-language still in use today. We shall present this
technological revolution of "grammatisation" giving the examples of
Jesuit grammars in Asia.
Author:Jean-Claude Hollerich
Jean-Claude
Hollerich, a Jesuit priest, Chair of the Department of German Studies,
Director of the European Institute, Sophia University. Prepares the
publication of Jesuit letters from Thailand (17th Century).
Publications include: A Different way of Dialogue in : The Journal of
Sophia Asian Studies No. 12 (1994), Die Grammatik im Fruehmittelalter
in : The Tradition of the Liberal Arts in the Middle Ages (1997), Die
franzoesischen Jesuiten in Siam in：Bulletin of the Faculty of Foreign
Studies, Sophia University, N.41 (2006).
Humphrey Tonkin
Abstract:
The
Nitobe process arose out of an effort, going back to the 1960s and
reinforced by the growth of sociolinguistics and language policy
studies, to reconcile the urgent need for effective means of
international communication with the desirability of maintaining
linguistic diversity. There had been plenty of planning downwards -
from the major languages to the equitable application of lesser-used
languages - but very little planning upwards - from the major languages
to equitable modes of international linguistic communication. The first
Nitobe symposium took place in 1996 in Prague and was followed by
symposia in Berlin (1998), Beijing (2004), and Vilnius (2005). Much of
the focus was on language policy in Europe, particularly the European
Union. The present symposium, however, will address the question of
policy on the international use of languages in Asia, a subject barely
touched upon by politicians and relatively little studied by linguists.
Author:Humphrey Tonkin
Humphrey
Tonkin is University Professor of the Humanities and President Emeritus
at the University of Hartford, USA. In addition to his work on English
literature and on international exchange, he has written extensively in
English and Esperanto on aspects of language policy and planning and he
serves as editor, with Probal Dasgupta, of the journal Language
Problems and Language Planning. He chairs the Center for Research and
Documentation on World Language Problems.
Sato Masahiro
Abstract:
I
state that Nitobe built 7 bridges in his 71 years life; i.e. (1) bridge
between the East and the West, (2) bridge between farm villages and
cities, (3) bridge between studies and daily life, (4) bridge between
men and women, (5) bridge between classics and modern times, (6) bridge
between ideal and real, and (7) bridge between time and eternity.
Foreign
languages were the means for those bridges. Although he did not learn
Esperanto, he undersood a quarter or a half of the presentation in
Universal Congress of Esperanto.
But Esperanto considers no oriental
languages. Time has come to adopt a neutral artificial language as an
auxiliary language for all nations to equally explain their thoughts
for such as commerce and trade, academic exchange, and realizing
eternal peace. 86 years passed after Nitobe proposed this linguistic
democracy. But still now many people especially women and childlen
suffer from wars based on disunderstanding. A new bridge is really
needed now.
Author:Sato Masahiro
Born in
Osaka. He was a professor in Osaka City University and Kansai Gaidai
University.Now he is a honorary professor of Osaka City University and
the chief of the educational section of Nitobe Foundation.His studying
area is philosophy.He published books entitled "Nitobe Inazo : life and thought", "Nitobe Inazo living today", and also on I.Kant, Yanaihara Tadao, Uchimura kanzo, etc.He translated many books, including "Bushido".
Mark Fettes
Abstract:
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Author:Mark Fettes
Simon Fraser University
KIMURA Goro Christoph
Abstract:
The
roles European languages play in Asia can be divided in four aspects:
international language, foreign language, minority language and
national language.These four aspects are closely related
mutually.Firstly, the same language has often several aspects.Secondly,
each aspect is defined in relation to the others and develops closely
interrelated with the other aspects.But probably because every aspect
seems to be concerned with different functions of language and appears
in different social domains, often one aspect is discussed wholly in
isolation from the others, or only partly linked.The intention of my
paper is to show the necessity of keeping in mind together all aspects
in language policy discussion.Examples are drawn from the Japanese
context.
Author:KIMURA Goro Christoph, Ph.D.
Associate
Professor, Department of German Language and Studies, Faculty of
Foreign Studies, Sophia University.Main areas of research: sociology of
language (especially the social functions of second and foreign
languages, revival and revitalisation of minority languages).Major
publications include: Kotoba e no kenri [Rights towards Languages], Sangensha 1999 (coeditor);Gengo teki kindaika wo koete [Beyond Linguistic Modernity - Learn to live in a multilingual society], Tokio: Akashishoten, 2004 (coauthor);Gengo ni totte “jin-i-sei” towa nanika?
[What Does “Artificiality” Mean to Language?: The Case Studies of
Cornish and Sorbian as Exemplars of Language Construction and Language
Ideology]. Tokyo: Sangensha, 2005
Richard B. Baldauf Jr.
Abstract:
This
paper examines the possibilities and limits of intervention in language
policies in a number of polities in East Asia.The introduction provides
the background to the language planning situation in the countries
surveyed, including several summary tables that provide an overview of
the language situation and language policy in the region.Then, in each
of the sections that follow, individuals from the countries involved
provide specific examples of successes and failures in planning for
European languages in their polities.In the final section, the common
threads are drawn together on the extent to which intervention is
possible or is limited in the East Asian region.
Author:Richard B. Baldauf Jr.
Richard
B. Baldauf, Jr is Associate Professor of TESOL in the School of
Education at the University of Queensland and a member of the Executive
of the International Association of Applied Linguistics (AILA).He has
published numerous articles in refereed journals and books.He is
co-editor of Language Planning and Education in Australasia and the
South Pacific (Multilingual Matters, 1990), principal researcher and
editor for the Viability of Low Candidature LOTE Courses in
Universities (DEET, 1995) and co-author with Robert B. Kaplan of
Language Planning from Practice to Theory (Multilingual Matters, 1997)
and Language and Language-in-Education Planning in the Pacific Basin
(Kluwer, 2003).He is co-author with Zhao Shouhui of Planning Chinese
Characters: Evolution, Revolution or Reaction (Kluwer, 2007).
Tove Skutnabb-Kangas
Abstract:
Most
Indigenous children and many minority children in the world are today
educated in a way that can be characterized as linguistic genocide,
according to the definitions of genocide in the United Nations Genocide
Convention's Article II(e), “forcibly transferring children of the
group to another group,” and in Article II(b), “causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group” (www.hrweb.org/legal/genocide.html;
emphasis added).The most important LHR for the possibility of
Indigenous peoples and minorities to maintain themselves as distinct
peoples/groups in the age of EFA (Education For All), namely the right
to education using their mother tongues as the main teaching languages,
is extremely poorly protected in international law, and there is
massive resistance from many states to prevent a better protection. An
example is the fate of the Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (for latest news, see http://www.docip.org/).If
Indigenous and minority languages are not used in education, this will
in many cases lead to the disappearance/killing of the world's
linguistic diversity. Since linguistic and cultural diversity is both
correlationally and most probably also causally connected to (the
maintenance of) biodiversity, the lack of LHRs in education is
disastrous to the maintenance of TEK (Traditional Ecological Knowledge)
which is now seen by scientists as often more accurate than western
“scientific” knowledge.
The paper will ask the question: is what is
being done today to protect LHRs in education too little and too late?
Some examples from Asia of positive developments will be given.
Author:Tove Skutnabb-Kangas
Dr.
Tove Skutnabb-Kangas, Emerita, University of Roskilde, Denmark and Abo
Akademi University, Finland, has written or edited around 50 books and
almost 400 articles and book chapters, in 31 languages, about minority
education, linguistic human rights, linguistic genocide, subtractive
spread of English, etc.She was the Linguapax award recipient in
2003.For publications, see http://akira.ruc.dk/~tovesk/.
Ulrich Lins
Abstract:
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Author:Ulrich Lins
Ulrich
Lins, Dr. phil., studied history, political science and Japanese
studies at the Universities of Cologne, Bonn and Tokyo. Former Director
of the Tokyo Office of the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD).
Books and articles on problems of nationalism and internationalism,
German-Japanese relations, higher education in Germany and Asia.
Hugo Cardoso
Abstract:
This
article addresses the multiplicity of criteria involved in linguistic
labelling, in particular with regard to the establishment of genetic
taxonomies, and points out the largely extralinguistic considerations
often involved in the resulting classifications and terminology. The
matter of genetic classification is particularly complex when dealing
with high-contact varieties, as their typological traits are likely to
unveil the influence of a number of (often unrelated) ancestral
languages. An analysis of the Portuguese-lexified creoles of Asia, in
particular the Diu variety of Indo-Portuguese, not only makes it clear
that applying the ‘European' label to them is only weakly suported by
typological evidence but can have detrimental consequences for the
languages' social embedding in modern Asian societies as well as their
maintenance. All these factors considered, it is suggested that
linguists apply taxonomical labels only sparsely and clearly motivated,
demonstrating sensitivity to the social echoes and possible
implications of their terminology.
Author:Hugo Cardoso
Hugo
Cardoso is a Portuguese linguist affiliated to the University of
Amsterdam. His work has so far focused on creole languages, namely
those with lexical input from Portuguese. He has published on the
Portuguese element in Saramaccan and, more recently, on the
Indo-Portuguese creoles. He is currently involved in a research project
aiming at the documentation and linguistic description of Diu
Indo-Portuguese.
Sergey Anikeev
Abstract:
No
country in the world can exist and develop without any contact with its
neighbours, without any influence in one-way or two-way. Japan is no
exception and the people in ancient Japan modernised their social life
drawing knowledge from the more developed countries: i.e. three ancient
Korean empires, followed by the Chinese era. As the influence from
these countries had gradually penetrated into Japan over a very long
period, it was not felt to be foreign to the people. After two
centuries of isolation from European countries and the United States,
however, a flood of foreign cultures invaded and turned the life of the
Japanese completely over. Japan started to concentrate especially on
the study of economic and political systems of these countries. In this
sense, at the time, Russia could not present itself as a model to be
imitated, nor could even compete. But the situation was totally
different regarding spiritual values, especially the cultural influence
of Russia over Japan. This study sheds light on the cultural confluence
which tends to be neglected and overlooked in Japan because of
respective political ideologies haunting the history of both countries.
Initially, the Russian Orthodox Church served as a bridge which
disseminated the Russian language among the Japanese people. It will be
discussed what this cultural invasion of Russia was like, and what it
brought about in Japan.
Author:Sergey Anikeev
Sergey
Anikeev is a professor of the russian language and literature at the
Hakodate branch of Far-Eastern State University (Vladivostok, Russia)
in Japan. His areas of research include religious aspects of a social
life, mutual cultural influence. He is an author of several materials
concerning learning and teaching of the russian language and some
translations from the japanese on Shinto and Oomoto.
Choidon Zegiimaa
Abstract:
There
are a number of historical documents of the 12 th and 13 th centuries
which show the evidence of Mongolia, situated in the Central Asia,
studying and using foreign languages including European languages. This
report will briefly introduce the historical and contemporary role of
European languages in Mongolian social life as well as the history of
studying European languages such as French, German, Russian and English
in Mongolia.
Furthermore, the Mongolian Language policy on European
languages and its implementation in the political, educational, social
economic, and as well as in certain social communication spheres with
particular emphasis on Russian language, which has played an enormous
role in social life, will be discussed. Finally, the future trend of
language policy in Mongolia on European languages will be presented
with my own point of view.
Author:Choidon Zegiimaa
Choidon
Zegiimaa, doctor /Sc.D/, professor. I work as the president of the
National Academy for Language Policy. I am a general manager of a
research project " Scientific Basis of Language Policy of Mongolian
Government", and I am also aMongolian manager of the Mongolian and
Russian joint project "National Languages in the Era of Globalization":
Russia andMongolia". I am the dean of Graduate school of University of
theHumanities. I earned my Ph.D in 1992 and Sc.D in 1998 in
RussianLanguage Institute named after A.S.Pushkin in Moscow, Russia.
Myresearch interests are mainly on sociolinguistics, language
policy,pragmalinguistics,speech etiquette and politeness.
Atsushi Ichinose
Abstract:
It
is widely known that in the era of Discoveries, Portuguese functioned
as a lingua franca between the Europeans and the local inhabitants in
Africa and Asia.Whether or not the variety used there was a pidginized
or creolized one, Portuguese was certainly an important “vehicular
language” between different ethnic groups.Gradually, although
Portuguese began to recede before the proliferation of Dutch, French
and English, a new movement has been observed in the beginning of the
21st century.For example, on gaining independence in 2002, East Timor
adopted Portuguese as one of two official languages alongside Tetum,
thereby increasing the number of officially Portuguese-speaking
countries.Furthermore, and more significantly in the content of this
paper, we should not forget that since the 1990s, the flow of Nikkei
Brazilians searching for work in Japan has been increasing.Now
approximately 300,000 Brazilian people, who are speakers of Portuguese
as their mother language, livein Japan.This paper will consider what
Japan signifies for the Portuguese language and vice versa.
Author:Atsushi Ichinose
Professor, Department of Luso-Brazilian Studies, Faculty of Foreign Studies, Sophia University.
Main areas of reseach: Portuguese linguistics, Pidgin and Creole Studies
Main
publications include: Kureooru na kaze ni notte: Ginia-bisau e no tabi
(Riding on creole wind: a trip to Guinea-Bissau), Shakaihyouronsha
1999; Porutogaru no sekai: Kaiyou teikoku no yume no yukue (The
Portuguese World: Destiny of Dream of a Seabourne Empire),
Shakaihyouronsha 2000; Umi no mieru kotoba: Porutogarugo no sekai (From
the Portuguese language we can see the oceans) , Gendaishokan 2004;
Porutogarugo no shikumi (Mechanism of the Portuguese language),
Hakusuisha 2007
IZUMI Kunihisa
Abstract:
The
French language was learnt by Japanese for the first time in the end of
the Tokugawa shogunate period for military needs. After the Meiji
Restoration, it was learnt as a tool for introduction of military,
legal, industrial knowledge and skills as well as for the interests in
the ideas of democracy and human rights. Thereafter the main interests
of the French learners shifted to literature, music and fine art, and
this tendency remains until today. The influence on the Japanese
society exercised by French had a limited nature relevant only to its
elite. The language itself hardly gave any direct impact to the
Japanese society in general. Currently one can see a flood of French
words in town used as names of shops or merchandise especially in
relation to cuisine, confectionery, fashion and cosmetics. This is a
new kind of phenomenon linked to the mass society. If we are allowed to
borrow a shrewd wording by McLuhan, French is playing here the role of
“massage” instead of message. In today's society in Japan, tce belief
in English as the world language is reinforced, or in other words a
kind of illusory monologisme (monolingualism) is spreading out. Whether
the French language can give warning and stimulus to change such
perception may depend upon the language policy and attitude of France
as well as Europe.
Author:IZUMI Kunihisa
Professor,
Department of French Language and Studies, Faculty ofForeign Studies,
Sophia University.Main areas of research : French linguistics,
semantics and sociolinguistics.Major publications include:
Furansugogaku kenkyu no genzai [Lalinguistique francaise d'aujourd'hui]
Hakusuisha (coediteur,), 2005.Guroobarukasuru sekai to bunka no
tagensei [Cultural Pluralism in theGlobal Age], Sophia University Press
(coeditor), 2005. Furansugo nokomichi [Flanerie dans le jardin des
mots], Hakusuisha, 2004.
USUI Hiroyuki
Abstract:
In
the modern epoch Japanese have shown highly ambivalent attitude toward
European languages, specifically English. On the one hand they revealed
such strong love toward those languages that some of them even proposed
to replace their own ethnic language with one of the European
languages. On the other, though, they also expressed huge hatred
against English so that they tried to ban the teaching or public usage
of this language. This ambivalence is due to the dilemma Japanese
faced: the necessity to learn Western civilization in order to resist
Western powers. The same dilemma led Japanese to take interest in
Esperanto, whose adoption would have given them the possibility to
“transcend” Europe according to the specific interpretation of social
evolutionism.
Author:USUI Hiroyuki
Born in
1967. Received Master's degree from Aoyamagakuin University, Tokyo.
Section on Research and Education, Japan Esperanto Institute.Co-edited
a book on language rights, and co-authored books on multilingualism and
Polish studies, wrote papers on language policy proposals on Esperanto
and English in modern Japan.
TANAKA Kacuhiko
Abstract:
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Author:TANAKA Kacuhiko
Emeritus
professor of Hitotsubashi University. The areas of research are
linguistics and Mongolian studies. He has published numerous books
including: Kotoba to kokka (Language and state), Gengo-gaku towa nanika
(What is linguistics?), Esuperanto (Esperanto), Kokka-go wo koete
(Relativising state languages), Kotoba no ekorojii (Ecology of
Language), Sabetu-go kara hairu gengo-gaku nyumon (Introductory
linguistics: an approach from discriminatory expressions), Kotoba towa
nanika (What is language?).
Timothy Reagan
Abstract:
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Author:Timothy Reagan
Timothy
Reagan is currently Professor of Educational Leadership at Central
Connecticut State University in New Britain, Connecticut. His research
interests include educational language policies, foreign language
education, and the education of cultural and linguistic minority
groups. He has published extensively in all of these areas, and his
latest book is Critical questions, critical perspectives: Language and
the second language educator (2005, Information Age Publishing).
A. Giridhar RAO
Abstract:
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Author:A. Giridhar RAO
A.
Giridhar RAO (b. 1963) has a doctorate in English from theUniversity of
Hyderabad where he is guest faculty. His dissertation onscience fiction
(1994) led him to the emancipatory possibilities ofEsperanto, that
other child of the European Enlightenment.His interests include
journalism on language policies and politics;editing and documentation,
mainly for nongovernmental organizations;and the communication
possibilities of the internet age. He teachesEsperanto and is currently
translating Mahatma Gandhi's autobiographyinto Esperanto. As the
General Secretary of the Indian EsperantoFederation, he is organizing
the 5th Asian Esperanto Congress in Indiain February 2008.
Marek Koscielecki
Abstract:
There
seems to be surprisingly little work in English dealing with the
Japanese experience with foreign languages and the impact this has had
on Japan's societal modernization.By studying foreign languages, the
Japanese have been able to analyze and adapt developments from other
countries and utilize this knowledge in their own scientific and
technological innovations.This paper is an attempt to provide a
holistic description of a socio-cultural and sociolinguistic situation
relevant to foreign language education in the Japanese cultural
context.It incorporates both diachronic and synchronic information
available to this writer in order to evaluate foreign language
education in Japan and the effects it has had on the process of
societal modernization.
Author:Marek Koscielecki
Marek
Koscielecki was educated in Poland, New Zealand and Australia.In the
early 1970s he studied English and German at the Victoria University of
Wellington, NZ.In 1984, he obtained an M.A. degree in applied
linguistics from the Department of Linguisics [then under the direction
of Professor M.A. K. Halliday] at the University of Sydney and in 1996
a PhD in applied linguistics from Edith Cowan University, Perth,
Australia.He has worked both at secondary and tertiary levels.At
present, he is an assistant professor at the Open University of Hong
Kong.
Robert Phillipson
Abstract:
The
use of English is expanding worldwide. In continental Europe (in
European Union institutions and in member states), this is a direct
result of US corporate-driven globalisation and military activity, and
increasing European integration. Even prestigious European languages
(French, German, …) risk being down-graded, their linguistic capital
reduced through accumulation processes that dovetail with the workings
of the global economy and finance, media, and higher education.
Competence in English gives its users inequitable advantages over
speakers of other languages. The study of linguistic neoimperialism,
and alternatives to it, needs to be linked to the formulation of
policies for multilingualism at the supranational, national and
subnational levels.
Author:Robert Phillipson
Robert
Phillipson is British. He studied at the Universities of Cambridge and
Leeds, and has a doctorate from the University of Amsterdam. He taught
English in North Africa and eastern Europe before emigrating to
Denmark. He is a Professor at Copenhagen Business School. Among his
books are Linguistic Imperialism (Oxford University Press, 1992) and
English-only Europe? Challenging Language Policy (Routledge, 2003). His
research interests include the role of English in globalisation,
linguistic neoimperialism, language rights, sociolinguistics, and
language pedagogy. For details of CV and publications, several of which
can be downloaded, see http://www.cbs.dk/staff/phillipson.
KAWAHARA Toshiaki
Abstract:
Some
commentors on educational problems claim that Japan is far behind other
Asian countries in terms of English education, pointing out that
Japan's English teaching methodology is old-fashioned and, therefore,
should be revamped. They also refer to the fact that Japanese are among
the lowest ranking in TOEFL scores compared to other nationalities.
However, our teaching methodology should not be blamed, if we recognize
other reasons for this. We should pay attention to the fact that for a
long time the Japanese people have not needed English much and,
consequently, have been indifferent to English, in comparison to other
Asian countries.
In Japan, the Japanese language plays an important
role in every aspect of the lives of the populace. Japanese fully
functions in several important fields such as science, technology,
administration, lawmaking, judiciary, mass media, education, industry,
etc. For example, in graduate schools, many theses and dissertations
are written in Japanese. In the light of this fact, we should not
lament our poor performance of English by comparing it with other Asian
countries where their mother tongues cannot cover some range of
important activities. It is rather misleading to focus too much on a
poor English ability shown by Japanese. The purpose and methodology of
English education should be reconsidered by taking account of these
other factors.
In Japan, a great number of foreign books have been
translated for academic or entertainment purposes. Japan is located in
Asia, and it interacts with other Asian countries where people visit
each other's nations, and merchandise/materials are traded. These are
important factors. We should take these conditions into consideration
when thinking of the future of English education and its relationship
to language policies.
Author:KAWAHARA Toshiaki, Ph.D.
Professor,
Faculty of Literature, Kyoto Koka Women's University.Main areas of
research: Language Policy, English Education and Asian Englishes.Major
Publications include: Sekai no Gengo Seisaku [Language Policies across the World] Kuroshio Publishers, 2002 (editor); Tagengoshakai ga Yattekita [Multilingual Societies Have Come] Kuroshio Publishers, 2004 (coeditor); Gaikokujinjumin eno Gengo Saabisu [Language Service to Foreign Residents] Akashi Shoten, 2007 (coeditor); Ajia Oseania no Eigo [Englishes in Asia and Oceania] Mekong Publishers, 2006 (coeditor)
Feng Zhiwei
Abstract:
In
this paper, the zigzag process of acceptance of English in China is
described, the development of English teaching (including English
textbook composing, English level test, etc.) in China is introduced.
Now English teaching becomes an industry in China. More and more
Chinese people like to learn English. The multilingual service is
important aspect of Olympic Beijing 2008. The author suggests reinforce
the teaching and learning of Chinese language in the same time of
teaching .English. How to balance the English teaching and Chinese
teaching in China? It is a topic of language status planning in China.
Keywords
English, English teaching, multilingual service, language status planning.
Author:Feng Zhiwei
Feng
Zhiwei, senior research fellow and professor of computational
linguistics, Institute of Applied Linguistics, The Ministry of
Education (PRC).
He was visiting scholar at Institute of Applied
Mathematics (IMAG-GETA), Grenoble University (France, 1978-1981), chief
of Machine Translation Group of Institute of Scientific and Technical
Information of China (ISTIC, Beijing, 1981-1985), guest scientist of
Fraunhofer-Institute (FhG) at Stuttgart (West Germany, 1986-1988),
professor of University Trier, (Germany, 1990-1993, 1999-2000),
academic consultant of CITAL, Konstanz Fachhochschule (Germany1996),
professor of EECS (Electronic Engineering and Computer Science)
department, KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology,
Daejeon, Korea, 2000-2001, 2003-2004).
Now he is Appointed Professor
in many universities in the mainland, including Peking University,
Zhejiang University, Communication University of China, Heilongjiang
University. He is also the academic consultant of National Key
Laboratory of Pattern Recognition (NLPR, CAS), member of
Standardization Committee of State Language Commission, assessment
member of China National Science Foundation, assessment member of
National Philosophy & Social Science Fund, consultant of
Trans-European Language Resource Infrastructure (TELRI, EU), consultant
of Hong Kong Terminology Association, member of Consultant Committee of
International Language Resources and Evaluation Congress (LREC),
editorial board member of International Journal of Corpus Linguistics
(IJCL, Amsterdam) , International Journal of Chinese and Computing
(IJCC, Singapore), Chinese Language (Zhongguo Yuwei, Beijing), Chinese
Science and Technology Terms Journal, (Beijing).
He has published 22 monograph books and 200 scientific papers.
Joseph Errington
Abstract:
Standard
Indonesian is an unusual national language because it is spoken as a
second language by the majority of Indonesia's citizens. This paper
outlines the unusual colonial history of this language in order to
raise broader questions about the different ways languages can be
"owned" by speakers. It also discusses the more recent development of
the Indonesian language into a tool of resistance to the Indonesian
state in East Timor. Both of these developments are presented so as to
emphasize complex political and cultural dynamics which can differ
greatly between situations of what might otherwise seem to be similar
examples of language "spread."
Author:Joseph Errington
Joseph
Errington is Professor of Anthropology, and of International and Area
Studies, at Yale University, in New Haven Connecticut, USA.He is also
Chair of the Council on Southeast Asian studies at the Macmillan
Center.Most of his writing and research have been focussed on language
and social change in Indonesia, particularly among bilingual speakers
of Indonesian and Javanese language in south-central Java.His most
recent book, to be published in August by Blackwell, is Linguistics in a colonial world: a story of language, meaning and power.
E.Annamalai
Abstract:
Defining
linguistic ecology as the relationship between communities in the
pursuit of their interests, which is constantly recalibrated by the
play of languages, the role played by English in the linguistic ecology
of India during the colonial, nation-centric and globalizing periods is
the subject matter of this paper. English is the latest of the species
that seeks a place and role in the ecology, which is contested or
conceded to by other species. The competitive demand for resources by
English and other languages of the land and a search for complementary
access to resources is a challenge to be faced in India and many other
countries. This paper will describe this challenge and the multiple
responses to it in India. One question is if the boundary between
economic landscape and cultural landscape is sustainable.
The
evolutionary development in the relationship between languages will be
contrasted with planned multilingualism, where the planning may be
explicitly executed by the state or implicitly promoted by the market.
Their relative power in the context of globalized market will be
discussed.
Author:E.Annamalai
E. Annamalai,
Ph.D., holds a doctorate in Linguistics from the University of Chicago
and is former Director of the Central Institute of Indian Languages
(CIIL), Mysore, India. He currently teaches at Yale University. His
view on language policy and programs, which evolved over years of work
of the above kind, integrates the role of the government, the community
and the individual regarding language use and stability of
multilingualism. This view is articulated in Reflections on a Language
Policy for Multilingualism, published in the journal Language Policy
2:2 (2003). The range of his work is available in the book Managing
Multilingualism in India: Political and Linguistic Dimensions (2001).
His research and programmatic work for maintaining multilingualism in
India naturally led to the study of the role and place of English in
Indian multilingualism and he has published on the educational and
political aspects of English and the linguistic asepcts of its use in
communication mixed with Tamil.He is also involved in the creation of
databases and dictionaries of Indian languages, particularly Tamil..
Amri Wandel
Abstract:
In
the 20th century the scientific and internet revolution has influenced
every aspect of our life.Both revolutions were followed by an intesive
expansion of the English language.English is the major language of
scientific papers and conferences. This process has not skipped the
East Asian science. Chinese and Japanese scientists, who are frequently
in the world front, publish scientific papers mainly in English. Many
scientific conferences take place in East Asia, all have English as the
Main and mostly the only conference language.I will review these trends
from my personal experience and compare them to the attitude of
Esperantists towards the hegemony of the English.
Author:Amri Wandel
Professor
of Astrophysics at the University of Jerusalem. Member of the Academy
of Esperanto, board member of the Universal Esperanto Association for
Scientific and proffessional matters. Has published over a hundred
proffesional and popular papers in scientific journals. In Esperanto
has written several books and over a hundred articles.
Masaki Yoshitake
Abstract:
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Author:Masaki Yoshitake
Associate
professor at the English Language EducationCourse,Fukuoka University of
Education. Specialty: CommunicationStudies.Research Interests:
Intercultural/internationalcommunicationconducted in English, with
relation to English languageeducation.Publications: “Multicultural
society and interculturalcommunication”Sanshusha, 2002. “Contemporary
communication studies”Yuhikaku,2006. “English language education in the
21st century”Kairyudo, 2007.
Humphrey Tonkin
Abstract:
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Author:Humphrey Tonkin
University of Hartford
Probal Dasgupta
Abstract:
In
this paper it is argued that what language planners have called
"cultivation", which is supposed to play a major role in maintaining
the vitality of a language in the domains it has not lost, needs to be
put in touch with current ideas in translation studies. In particular,
a strategy of building the mother tongue up as a canon-cherishing
fortress is less likely to work wonders than a strategy of maximizing
transparency of communication. This idea corresponds to a specific take
in the field of translation studies, whose interface with language
planning has long awaited serious cultivation.
Author:Probal Dasgupta
Probal
Dasgupta (PhD 1980, NYU, generative syntax) has taught linguistics in
New York, Melbourne, Kolkata, Pune, Hyderabad, and Esperanto in
Barlaston (U.K.) and San Francisco.One of the editors of Language Problems and Language Planning.Major publications The Otherness of English (1993), After Etymology
(2000), translations of four novels into and one novel from
Esperanto.Vice-Chairman of the Academy of Esperanto since 2001,
Honorary Member of Linguistic Society of America since 2004.Has been
working at the Linguistic Research Unit of the Indian Statistical
Institute, Kolkata, since 2006.
Totok Suhardijanto
Abstract:
This
paper will focus on the status of Indonesian among its people in the
current days.It will not only discuss Indonesian in relation to other
local languages of Indonesia, but also its relation to other Malay
dialects which are used either in Indonesian regions or in other
countries.
Author:Totok Suhardijanto
Totok
Suhardijanto is visiting lecturer at Keio University SFC. After
graduating from his university, he joined as faculty member at
University of Indonesia. He has been teaching at Faculty of Humanities
University of Indonesia since 1993. He teaches Indonesian syntax and
morphology and neurolinguistics. However, currently, his researches are
focused on Critical Discourse Analysis and Corpus Linguistics. From
2002 to 2004, he was invited as visiting lecturer at Keio University
SFC. In 2005, he was invited again as visiting lecturer by the same
university for teaching Indonesian language and cultures.
Yang Zhiqiang
Abstract:
This
paper discusses the language policy of P.R. China in relation to its
ethnic minorities and their current status. More specifically, it
focuses on the Miao (Hmong) people in China as a typical case,
introducing how they use languages and perform bilingual education
under the reforms and open-door policies since 1980's and reviewing the
Miao (Hmong) intellectuals' arguments on the unification of writing
systems together with their background.
Author:Yang Zhiqiang
Foreign
research fellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; visiting
fellow, University of Tokyo. Acquired a Ph. D. on regional culture
studies, Postgraduate Comprehensive Culture Studies, University of
Tokyo in 2005. Professor, Institute of Anthropology and director
general, Institute of Japanese Studies, Guizhou University, Guizhou
Province, China in 2006. Staying in Japan for 2006-2008 as foreign
research fellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, he
conducts a study on “Patriotic education in China and the society of
ethnic minorities” at the University of Tokyo. Major fields of study:
Cultural anthropology and history, especially the transformation of the
contemporary societies of ethnic minorities in China and their
identities.
HIRATAKA Fumiya
Abstract:
This
paper addresses the question of language policy in Japan from the point
of view of the language rights of foreigners resident in Japan, noting
that this concerns not only foreign residents but also the Japanese
majority.Considering the language rights of foreigners from two aspects
-- learning Japanese and maintaining native languages -- shows the
importance of Japanese language teaching and native language
teaching.In the teaching of Japanese to foreigners, knowledge of their
native languages is indispensable.Furthermore, in today's increasingly
multilingual and multicultural Japan, there are ever more opportunities
to encounter foreign languages and cultures.Taking advantage of these
opportunities, there are increasingly visible efforts to change the
consciousness of the Japanese and to reconsider foreign language
teaching in this country.Referring to an example of experimental
lessons in a public primary school, this paper shows that the progress
of “internal internationalisation” due to the increasing numbers of
foreign residents is also leading towards reforms in foreign language
teaching in Japan.
Author:HIRATAKA Fumiya, Ph.D.
Professor,
Faculty of Policy Management, Keio University at Shonan Fujisawa.Main
areas of research: Sociolinguistics, Foreign Language Education and
Research (especially Japanese and German as a Second Language).Major
publications include: Der Erwerb der Temporalitat im Japanischen als
Zweitsprache. Munchen: iudicium 2001, Tagengoshakai to Gaikokujin no
Gakushushien [Multilingual Society and Study Support od Foreigner],
Tokio: Keio University Press 2005 (coeditor); Gaikokugokyoiku no
Rideazain [Redesign of Foreign Language Education]. Tokio: Keio
University Press 2005 (coeditor).
Mark Fettes
Abstract:
Esperanto
has a long history in Asia, a fact often neglected indiscussions of its
cultural and social significance. That historyincludes the dimensions
of politics, identity, and education, whichtogether situate the
language with a complex network of interpersonaland interlingual
relationships. If one wishes to forecast the futureevolution of such a
system, one needs to understand the structuralfactors that limit
Esperanto's growth, along with the factors thatpropel its spread. Such
an analysis sheds light not only onEsperanto's characteristics as a
language, but also on the broaderlinguistic ecosystem within which it
constitutes a minor butnoteworthy index of systemic change.
Author:Mark Fettes
Mark
Fettes is a professor of education at Simon Fraser University in
Vancouver, Canada.His areas of research include education in indigenous
communities, the role of imagination in learning and teaching, and
ecological approaches to language policy and planning.He is a director
of the US-based Esperantic Studies Foundation and author of several
scholarly articles on social and political aspects of Esperanto.
SHOJI, Hiroshi
Abstract:
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Author:SHOJI, Hiroshi
Professor,
Department of Social Research, National Museum of Ethnology. His areas
of research are linguistics, multilingualism, and language policies.
Recent main interest is in immigrant languages. Major publications
include: Jiten nihon no tagengo shakai (Encyclopaedia of
multilingualism in Japan), 2005 (co-editor); Koza sekai no senju
minzoku: fasuto pipuruzu no genzai: Europe (The first peoples in
present day Europe), 2005 (co-editor); Kotoba no 20-seiki (The 20th
century: the language era), 1999; "Multilingualization - A Breakthrough
into Japanese language consciousness?" Joseph F. Kess et.al.(eds),
Changing Japanese Identities in Multicultural Canada, 2003, Univ. of
Victoria. |